2/4/08

What Is Hypertext?

Definitions of Hypertext

"I mean non-sequential writing - text that branches and allows choices to the reader, best read at an interactive screen. As popularly conceived, this is a series of text chunks connected by links which offer the reader different pathways."
--Ted Nelson, "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing and the Indeterminate"

“[T]ext composed of blocks of words (or images) linked electronically by multiple paths, chains, or trails in an open-ended, perpetually unfinished textuality described by the terms link, node, network, web, and path."
--Landow, Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology

“Both an author’s tool and a reader’s medium, a hypertext document system allows authors or groups of authors to link information together, create paths through a corpus of related material, annotate existing texts, and create notes that point readers to either bibliographic data or the body of the referenced text. . . . Readers can browse through linked, cross-referenced, annotated texts in an orderly but nonsequential manner.”
--Yankelovich, Meyrowitz, and van Dam, creators of Intermedia

"Hypertext is non-sequential writing: a directed graph, where each node contains some amount of text or other information....[T]rue hypertext should also make users feel that they can move freely through the information according to their own needs. This feeling is hard to define precisely but certainly implies short response times and low cognitive load when navigating."
--Jakob Nielsen, "The Art of Navigating Through Hypertext"

"It [the memex] affords an immediate step to associative indexing, the basic idea of which is a provision whereby any item may be caused at will to select immediately and automatically another...When a user is building a trail [in the memex], he names it, inserts the name in his code book, and taps it out on his keyboard. Before him are the two items to be joined, projected onto adjacent viewing positions."
--Vannevar Bush, "As We May Think"



A Collection of Hypertexts

Victory Garden, by Stuart Moulthrop
Landow's Victorian Web
Computers & Composition Special Issue on Sound
iRhetoric Placeshifting, by Rich Rice
Kairos' PraxisWiki
Flickr Tags
Wikipedia entry on Foucault



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